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Walther von der Vogelweide - Wikipedia
Walther von der Vogelweide c, single katzenelnbogen. Walther has been described as the greatest German lyrical poet single katzenelnbogen Goethe ; [1] his hundred or so love-songs are widely regarded as the pinnacle of Minnesangthe medieval German love lyric, and his innovations breathed new life into the tradition of courtly love. He was also the first political poet to write in German, with a considerable body of encomiumsatireinvectiveand moralising, single katzenelnbogen.
Little is known about Walther's life. He was a travelling singer who performed for patrons at various princely courts in the states of the Holy Roman Empire. He is particularly associated with the Babenberg court in Vienna. Later in life he was given a small fief by the future Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II.
His work was widely celebrated in his time and in succeeding generations—for the Meistersingers he was a songwriter to emulate—and this is reflected in the exceptional preservation of his work in 32 manuscripts from all parts of the High German area. However, most Minnesang manuscripts preserve only the texts, and only a handful of Walther's melodies survive.
Notable songs include the love-song " Under der linden ", the contemplative " Elegy ", and the religious Palästinaliedfor which the melody has survived. For all his fame, Walther's name is not found in contemporary records, with the exception of a solitary mention in the travelling accounts of Bishop Wolfger of Erla of the Passau diocese: " Walthero cantori de Vogelweide pro pellicio v solidos longos " "To Walther the singer of the Vogelweide five shillings for a fur coat.
His surname, von der Vogelweide, suggests that he had no grant of land, since die Vogelweide "the bird-pasture" seems to refer to a general geographic feature, not a specific place. He probably was knighted for military bravery and was a retainer in a wealthy, noble household before beginning his travels. Walther's birthplace remains unknown, and given the lack of documentary evidence, single katzenelnbogen, it will probably never be known exactly. There is little chance of deriving it from his name; in his day there were many so-called "Vogelweiden" in the vicinity of castles and towns, where hawks were caught for hawking or songbirds for people's homes.
For this reason, it must be assumed that the singer did not obtain his name primarily for superregional communication, because it could not be used for an unambiguous assignment, single katzenelnbogen. Other persons of the high nobility and poets who traveled with their masters used the unambiguous name of their ownership or their place of origin; therefore, single katzenelnbogen, the name was meaningful only in the near vicinity, where only one Vogelweide existed or it was understood as a metaphoric surname of the singer.
Pen-names were usual for poets of the 12th and 13th century, single katzenelnbogen, whereas Minnesingers in principle were known by their noble family name which was used to sign documents. InHelmut Hörner identified a farmhouse mentioned in as "Vogelweidhof" in the urbarium of the domain Rappottenstein. At this time it belonged to the Amt Traunsteinsingle katzenelnbogen, now within the municipality Schönbach in the Lower Austrian Waldviertel.
Its existence had already been mentioned without comment in by Alois Plesser, who also did not know its precise location, single katzenelnbogen. Hörner proved that the still-existing farmhouse Weid is indeed the mentioned Vogelweidhof and collected arguments for Walther single katzenelnbogen born in the Waldviertel "Forest Quarter". He published this in his book Jahre Traunstein years Traunsteinpointing out that Walther says "Ze ôsterriche lernt ich singen unde sagen" "In Austria [at this time only Lower Austria and Vienna ], I learned to sing and to speak".
A tradition says that Walther, one of the ten Old Masterssingle katzenelnbogen, was a Landherr land owner from Bohemiawhich does not contradict his possible origin in the Waldviertel, because in mediaeval times the Waldviertel was from time to time denoted as versus Boemiam.
Powerful support for this theory was given in [4] and [5] by Bernd Thum University Karlsruhe, Germanysingle katzenelnbogen, which makes an origin in the Waldviertel very plausible.
Thum began with an analysis of the content of Walther's work, single katzenelnbogen, especially of his crusade appeal, single katzenelnbogen, also known as "old age elegy", and concluded that Walther's birthplace was far away from all travelling routes of this time and within a region single katzenelnbogen land was still cleared, single katzenelnbogen.
This is because the singer pours out his sorrows "Bereitet ist daz velt, verhouwen ist der single katzenelnbogen and suggests he no longer knows his people and land, applicable to the Waldviertel.
Additionally inWalter Klomfar and the librarian Charlotte Ziegler came to the conclusion that Walther might have been born in the Single katzenelnbogen. The starting point for their study is also the above-mentioned words of Walther, single katzenelnbogen. These were placed into doubt by research, but strictly speaking do not mention his birthplace.
Klomfar points to a historical map which was drawn by monks of the Zwettl monastery in the 17th century, single katzenelnbogen, on the occasion of a legal dispute.
This map shows a village Walthers and a field marked "Vogelwaidt" near Allentsteig and a related house belonging to the village. The village became deserted, but a well marked on the map could be excavated and reconstructed to prove the accuracy of the map. Klomfar was also able to partly reconstruct land ownership in this region and prove the existence of the not rare Christian name Walther.
Contrary to single katzenelnbogen theory, Franz Pfeiffer assumed that the singer was born in the Wipptal in South Tyrolwhere, not far from the small town of Sterzing on the Eisack, a wood—called the Vorder- and Hintervogelweide —exists.
This would, however, contradict the fact that Walther was not able single katzenelnbogen visit his homeland for many decades. At this time Tyrol was the home of several well-known Minnesingers. The court of Viennaunder Duke Frederick I of the house of Babenberghad become a centre of poetry and art. Single katzenelnbogen it was that the young poet learned his craft under the renowned master Reinmar the Oldwhose death he afterwards lamented in two of his most beautiful lyrics; and in the open-handed duke, he found his first patron.
This happy period of his life, during which he produced the most charming and spontaneous of his love-lyrics, single katzenelnbogen to an end with the death of Duke Frederick in Henceforward Walther was a wanderer from court to court, single katzenelnbogen, singing for his lodging and his bread, and ever hoping that some patron would arise to save him from this "juggler's life" gougel-fuore and the shame of ever playing the guest, single katzenelnbogen.
He had few if any possessions and depended on others for his food and lodging. His criticism of men and manners was scathing; and even when this did not touch his princely patrons, their underlings often took measures to rid themselves of so uncomfortable a censor.
Thus he was forced to leave the court of the generous duke Bernhard of Carinthia — ; after an experience of the tumultuous household of the landgrave of Thuringiahe warns those who have weak ears to give it a wide berth. After three years spent at the court of Dietrich I of Meissen reigned —he complains that he had received for his single katzenelnbogen neither money nor praise. Generosity could be mentioned by Walther von der Vogelweide.
He received a diamond from the high noble Diether III von Katzenelnbogen around [6]. Ich bin dem Bogenaere Katzenelnbogener holt — gar ane gabe und ane solt: — … Den diemant den edelen stein — gap mir der schoensten ritter ein [7]. Walther was, in fact, a man of strong views; and it single katzenelnbogen this single katzenelnbogen gives him his main significance in history, as compared to his place in single katzenelnbogen. From the moment when the death of the emperor Henry VI opened the fateful struggle between empire and papacysingle katzenelnbogen, Walther threw himself ardently into the fray on the side of German independence and unity.
Although his religious poems sufficiently prove the sincerity of his Catholicismhe remained to the end of his days opposed to the extreme claims of the popes, whom he attacks with a bitterness which can be justified only by the strength of his patriotic feelings. His political poems begin with an appeal to Germany, written in at Vienna, against the single katzenelnbogen ambitions of the princes: "Crown Philip with the Kaiser's crown And bid them vex thy peace no more.
He was present in at Philip 's coronation at Mainzsingle katzenelnbogen, and supported him till his victory was assured. After Philip's murder inhe "said and sang" in support of Otto of Brunswick against the papal candidate Frederick of Hohenstaufen ; and only when Otto's usefulness to Germany had been shattered by the Battle of Bouvines did he turn to the rising star of Frederick, now the sole representative of German majesty against pope and princes.
From the new emperor, Walther's genius and zeal for the empire finally received recognition: a small fief in Franconia was bestowed upon him, which—though he complained that its value was little—gave him the home and the fixed position he had so long desired, single katzenelnbogen.
That Frederick gave him a further sign of favour by making him the tutor of his son Henry VIIsingle katzenelnbogen, King of the Romansis more than doubtful. The fact, in itself highly improbable, rests upon the evidence of only a single poem, the meaning of which can also be interpreted otherwise. Walther's restless spirit did single katzenelnbogen suffer him to remain long on his new property. In he was once more at Vienna, and again in after the return of Duke Leopold VI from the crusade.
About he single katzenelnbogen to have settled on his fief near Würzburg. He was active in urging the German princes to take part in the crusade ofand may have accompanied the crusading army at least as far as his native Tirol.
In a poem he pictures in words the changes that had taken place in the scenes of his childhood, changes which made his life there seem to have been only a dream. He died aboutand was buried at Würzburg, after leaving instructions — according to the story — that the birds were to be fed at his tomb daily.
His original gravestone with its Latin inscription has disappeared; but in a new monument was erected over the spot, called the Lusamgärtchen "Little Lusam Garden"today sheltered by the two major churches of the city, single katzenelnbogen. Walther's work is exceptionally well preserved compared to that of his contemporaries, with over 30 complete manuscripts and fragments containing widely varying numbers of strophes under his name.
The most extensive collections of his songs are in four of the main Minnesang manuscripts: [9]. Manuscripts B and C have miniatures showing Walther in the pose described in the Reichston L 8,4 C 2"Ich saz ûf einem steine" "I sat upon a stone". In addition to these, there are many manuscripts with smaller amounts of material, sometimes as little as a single strophe.
With the exception of MS M the Carmina Buranawhich may even have been compiled in Walther's lifetime, all the sources date from at least two generations after his death, and most are from the 14th or 15th centuries. As with most Minnesänger of single katzenelnbogen era, few of Walther's melodies have survived.
Certain or potential melodies to Walther's songs come from three sources: those documented in the 14th-century Münster Fragment MS Z under Walther's name, [15] melodies of the Meistersinger attributed to Walther, and, more speculatively, French and Provençal melodies of the trouvères and troubadours which fit Walther's songs and might therefore be the source of contrafactures.
The latter are the only potential melodies to Walther's love songs, the remainder being for religious and political songs, single katzenelnbogen. There are further melodies in two single katzenelnbogen manuscripts, M the Carmina Burana and N Kremsmünster StiftsbibliothekCodex but they are recorded in staffless neumes and cannot be reliably interpreted. The ascription of other melodies to Walther in the Meistersang manuscripts the Goldene Weisethe Kreuztonand the Langer Ton is regarded as erroneous.
The following songs by Walther share a strophic form with a French or Provençal song, and Walther's texts may therefore have been written for the Romance melodies, though there can be no certainty of the contrafacture: [18].
There is evidence that the surviving volume of the Jenaer Liederhandschrift was originally accompanied by another with melodies for Walther's Leich and some Sprüche. A contemporary single katzenelnbogen of Walther's songs comes from Gottfried von Strassburgwho, unlike modern commentators, was able to evaluate Walther's achievements as composer and performer, and who, writing in the first decade of the 13th century, single katzenelnbogen, proposed him as the "leader" of the Minnesänger after the death of Reinmar.
diu von der vogelweide. hi wie diu ueber heide mit hoher stimme schellet! waz wunders si stellet! wie spaehes organieret! wies ir sanc wandelieret ich meine aber in dem done da single katzenelnbogen von zytherone, da diu gotinne minne gebiutet uf und inne! diust da ze hove kameraerin:, single katzenelnbogen. the Nightingale of Vogelweide! How she carols over the heath in her high clear voice!
What marvels she performs! How deftly she sings in organon! How she varies her singing from one compass to another in that mode, single katzenelnbogen, I mean, single katzenelnbogen, which has come down to us from Cythaeronon whose slopes and in whose caves the Goddess of Love holds sway!
She is Mistress of the Chamber there at court. Grove Music Online evaluates Walther's work as follows:. He is regarded as one of the most outstanding single katzenelnbogen innovative authors of his generation His poetic oeuvre is the most varied of his time, and his poetry treats a number of subjects, adopting frequently contradictory positions. In his work he freed Minnesang from the traditional patterns of motifs and restricting social function and transformed it into genuinely experienced and yet universally valid love-poetry.
Walther's main contribution to the German love lyric was to increase the range of roles that could be adopted by the singer and his beloved, and to lend the depiction of the experience of love new immediacy and vibrancy.
In Walther's political and didactic poetry we again observe single katzenelnbogen consummately versatile poetic voice, single katzenelnbogen, one which finds new ways to give artistic expression to experience despite the constraints of the taste of audiences and patrons and by the authority of literary conventions, single katzenelnbogen. Walther is one of the traditional competitors in the tale of the song contest at the Wartburg, single katzenelnbogen.
He appears in medieval accounts and continues to be mentioned in more modern versions of the story such as that in Richard Wagner 's Tannhäuser.
He is also named by Walter von Stolzing, the hero of Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnbergsingle katzenelnbogen, as his poetic model.
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